The gospel of justice : community, faith, and the integration of St. Andrew's Episcopal School

textThis study focuses on the struggle to integrate St. Andrew’s Episcopal School, a small private school in Austin, Texas. A close examination of the history of this community sheds light on how privileged whites navigated questions of integration, especially in Christian communities. Pro-integration whites in these communities utilized their faith, understanding of community, and a rhetoric of respectability to move the school towards desegregation, forging a “middle way” through Civil Rights that achieved the goal of integration without damaging white interests in the community. Following St. Andrew’s through the 1970’s and 1980’s, this study moves beyond the implementation of official integration policies to trace how the school wrestled with questions of minority enrollment, white flight, and the relationship between private communities and the public sphere. Over the course of three decades, St. Andrew’s increased minority enrollment but adopted a narrower and more inward-focused understanding of community, becoming a more diverse space but not fundamentally questioning the nature of a private school in times of public crisis.American Studie

The Fighting Littles (November 10, 1944)

Program for The Fighting Littles (November 10, 1944)

Qualitative Research to Understand Charitable Giving and Gift Aid Behaviour Amongst Better-off Individuals

HM Revenue & Customs commissioned this qualitative research to increase understanding of better-off individuals' motivations for giving to charity, and to understand the role of tax reliefs within this. Participants gave to a wide range of local and national charities through both lump sum donations and regular gifts. Motivations for giving included: * social influences (such as requests from friends) * emotions (such as the feeling of having done a good deed) * identity (it being part of the individual's identity or belief system) * outcomes (seeing the difference the donation makes) Tax relief in itself did not motivate the decision to give, but did seem to incentivise participants to give more generously as they knew that they would be receiving relief at the end of the year. However, participants were not always clear exactly how much they would get back and some were unclear on the details of Gift Aid. Participants found the current system for claiming relief easy to navigate and thought it fair for both the charity and the donor to receive tax relief. Participants felt that without the incentive of tax relief, they might reduce their charitable donations disproportionately to the amount that they would have received in tax relief. Thirty-two in-depth interviews were conducted in February and March 2015 with individuals who earn over £100,000 per annum and who had claimed tax relief on a charitable donation of at least £100 in 2013 to 2014

The relationship among career aspiration, multiple role planning attitudes, and wellness in African-American and Caucasian undergraduate women

" In 2002, 60 percent of both Caucasian and African-American women were active in the workforce (USDOL, 2004b), however, it is surprising to discover that overall women only earn three-fourths of men's earnings (USDOL, 1999). Despite unprecedented availability and accessibility of educational and career options, over 50% of young undergraduate women today are continuing to choose female-dominated careers lower in status, prestige, and compensation (National Center for Education Statistics,2002; Spraggins, 2000). The question of why women, particularly young women making initial career choices, continue to choose career paths that place them at an economic disadvantage remains to be fully answered (McCracken & Weitzman, 1997; Nauta, Epperson, & Kahn, 1998; O'Brien, Friedman, Tipton, & Linn, 2000). A number of theories have been proposed that attempt to explain women's career aspirations, however, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT, Lent, Brown, and Hackett 1994; 2000) has shown considerable promise. Of particular interest in SCCT are the contextual supports and barriers of the model that are hypothesized to influence career aspirations (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 2000). Two important contextual variables known to be significant for women are multiple role planning attitudes (McWhirter, Torres, & Rasheed, 1998; Swanson & Tokar, 1991a; Swanson & Woitke, 1997) and wellness(Brown, 1995; 1996; Krumbolz, 1993; Smith, 2004; Super, 1957), although the true relationship of these variables to career aspirations remains largely unknown and unstudied. The purpose of this study was to test the relationship among career aspirations, multiple role planning attitudes, and wellness among a population of undergraduate women and to examine differences between African-American and Caucasian undergraduates. Specific goals were to determine if multiple role planning attitudes and wellness predicted career aspirations and determine if African-American undergraduate women and Caucasian undergraduate women differed on these variables. Results indicated that multiple role planning and wellness did not predict career choice or major choice but did predict career motivation for the overall sample. In addition, cultural differences were observed in career motivation, multiple role planning,and wellness. Implications of these findings are discussed as is how counselors can use this information to facilitate women's career development process."--Abstract from author supplied metadata

A historical archaeological inverstigation into two recent households of the Motse, Botshabelo Mission Station, Middelburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa

The archaeological research was conducted at Botshabelo, a nineteenth century Berlin Mission Society station located outside Middelburg, Mpumalanga. It focuses primarily on the collection of residential houses and homesteads in the area known as the Motse, meaning “village” in Sotho. This is where the mission station’s African residents lived. This research seeks to use archaeology, specifically the study of the associated material culture, in order to refine the chronology of changes to settlement in this area, and to explore the ways in which the inhabitants interacted with other sectors of the mission station community and the then wider Transvaal society. Although the mission station and its settlement dates from 1865, the material culture excavated and analysed in this project is primarily from the twentieth century. It is through the careful analysis of these houses and their architecture, together with the associated material culture that the social and cultural values of the people who built and used them can be explored. To date there has been a copious amount of research done on these mission stations in southern Africa, flowing mainly from the disciplines of history and anthropology (Comaroff and Comaroff 1991; Delius 1981; Japha et al 1993; Kirkaldy 2005; Vernal 2009). In contrast, however, there has been relatively little archaeological research carried out on the various mission stations within southern Africa (but see Ashley 2010; Boshoff 2004; Clift 2001; Jeppson 2005; Reid et al 1997). This research project is based in archaeology, and in particular in the discipline of historical archaeology, which can provide the methodologies and approaches that can be used to make sense of the history of the Botshabelo Mission Station and the Motse. This research therefore intends to contribute to the currently under researched field of mission archaeology within South Africa.Anthropology and ArchaeologyM.A. (Archaeology

Adequate levels of dietary sulphur amino acids impart improved liver and gut health in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

The sulphur amino acids methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) and their derivative taurine (Tau) are metabolically active molecules with interlinked roles in nutritional requirements. Deficiencies in these nutrients are linked to poor growth and health; however, the impacts of these deficiencies on organ structure and function are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary Met, Cys and Tau fed at different levels on yellowtail kingfish (YTK) liver histology and surface colour, plasma biochemistry and posterior intestine histology. Samples were collected from two dose–response feeding trials that quantified (1) the Tau requirement and sparing effect of Met by feeding YTK diets containing one of seven levels of Tau at one of two levels of Met and (2) the Met requirement and sparing effect of Cys by feeding YTK diets containing one of five levels of Met at one of two levels of Cys. YTK fed inadequate levels of dietary Met, Cys and Tau exhibited thicker bile ducts, less red livers, more intestinal acidic goblet cell mucus and supranuclear vacuoles and less posterior intestinal absorptive surface area. Further, thicker bile ducts correlated with less red livers (a*, R), whereas increased hepatic fat correlated with a liver yellowing (b*). Our results indicate a shift towards histological properties and functions indicative of improved intrahepatic biliary condition, posterior intestinal nutrient absorption and homoeostasis of YTK fed adequate amounts of Met, Cys and Tau. These findings may assist in formulating aquafeed for optimised gastrointestinal and liver functions and maintaining good health in YTK

Preoperative iron treatment in anaemic patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased risks of postoperative complications, blood transfusion and mortality. This meta-analysis aims to review the best available evidence on the clinical effectiveness of preoperative iron in anaemic patients undergoing elective total hip (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR). Design: Electronic databases and handsearching were used to identify randomised and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSI) reporting perioperative blood transfusion rates for anaemic participants receiving iron before elective THR or TKR. Searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and other databases were conducted on 17 April 2019 and updated on 15 July 2020. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility and evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for NRSIs. Data extraction was performed by ABS and checked by AB. Meta-analysis used the Mantel-Haenszel method and random-effects models. Results: 807 records were identified: 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were eligible for meta- analyses (one RCT and nine NRSIs). Five of the NRSIs were of high-quality while there were some concerns of bias in the RCT. Meta-analysis of 10 studies (n=2178 participants) showed a 39% reduction in risk of receiving a perioperative blood transfusion with iron compared with no iron (risk ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.73, p<0.001, I2=0%). There was a significant reduction in the number of red blood cell units transfused with iron compared with no iron (mean difference −0.37units, 95% CI −0.47 to 2-0.27, p<0.001, I =40%); six studies (n=1496). Length of stay was significantly reduced with iron, by an average of 2.08 days (95% CI −2.64 to −1.51, p<0.001, I2=40%); five studies (n=1140). Conclusions: Preoperative iron in anaemic, elective THR or TKR patients, significantly reduces the number of patients and number of units transfused and length of stay. However, high-quality, randomised trials are lacking. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019129035

Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study

OBJECTIVE: Because vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, understanding the characteristics that promote vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy adults could have important clinical implications. Few studies relating vitamin D deficiency to obesity have included direct measures of adiposity. Furthermore, the degree to which vitamin D is associated with metabolic traits after adjusting for adiposity measures is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the relations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations with indexes of cardiometabolic risk in 3,890 nondiabetic individuals; 1,882 had subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes measured by multidetector computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted regression models, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with winter season, waist circumference, and serum insulin (P < 0.005 for all). In models further adjusted for CT measures, 25(OH)D was inversely related to SAT (−1.1 ng/ml per SD increment in SAT, P = 0.016) and VAT (−2.3 ng/ml per SD, P < 0.0001). The association of 25(OH)D with insulin resistance measures became nonsignificant after adjustment for VAT. Higher adiposity volumes were correlated with lower 25(OH)D across different categories of BMI, including in lean individuals (BMI <25 kg/m2). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25[OH]D <20 ng/ml) was threefold higher in those with high SAT and high VAT than in those with low SAT and low VAT (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D status is strongly associated with variation in subcutaneous and especially visceral adiposity. The mechanisms by which adiposity promotes vitamin D deficiency warrant further study.National Institutes of Health's National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-25195, R01-DK-80739): American Heart Associatio